Frequently Asked Questions

A medical abortion involves using medication to end an early pregnancy without surgical intervention, typically within the first 13 weeks. The safest and most effective method utilizes two medications: Mifepristone and Misoprostol. Both of these medications are listed among the essential medicines by the World Health Organization.

Mifepristone

Mifepristone works by blocking progesterone, a hormone necessary to maintain pregnancy. Without enough progesterone, the fertilized egg cannot properly attach to the uterine wall, leading to uterine contractions.

Misoprostol

Misoprostol assists in inducing contractions, facilitating the expulsion of pregnancy tissues from the uterus.

Combined Use

When used together, Mifepristone and Misoprostol have proven to be highly effective and safe for early first-trimester abortions. The procedure typically results in cramping and bleeding similar to a menstruation cycle. Some common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Serious complications are very rare. Research indicates that medical abortion can be safely conducted at home, provided the woman has access to nearby emergency services or a hospital.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), individuals in their first trimester (up to 13 weeks pregnant) can self-administer Mifepristone and Misoprostol for an abortion without the direct supervision of a healthcare provider.

Abortion can be safe when conducted using WHO-recommended methods that are appropriate for the duration of the pregnancy. It is essential that the individual providing support or assistance during the process is trained and knowledgeable about the procedure.

Ensuring access to emergency medical care nearby is also crucial in case of any complications. Always consult with trusted health resources or professionals for guidance and support.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified the abortion medications Mifepristone and Misoprostol as essential medicines since 2005. Access to these essential medicines is considered part of the right to the highest attainable standard of health, often referred to as “the right to health.”

This right is well-established in several international human rights treaties, including:

1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Article 25.1, adopted in 1948, emphasizes the right to health and well-being. Access to safe and legal abortion services, including the necessary medications, is increasingly recognized as a critical aspect of health rights and gender equality.

If you are seeking an abortion in the U.S., several resources can assist you in finding a clinic, making an appointment, and addressing financial or travel concerns.

Find Abortion Clinics

• INeedAnA and AbortionFinder: These websites can help you locate an abortion provider in your area, as well as provide information about funding options. When you call to make an appointment, be sure to inquire about financial assistance.

• Planned Parenthood: Some affiliates offer support in locating services and funding. You can call 1-800-230-7526 to speak with a patient navigator who can help you find a clinic and arrange travel.

Find Abortion Funds

• National Abortion Federation: They can assist you in finding a provider and may help cover the costs of your procedure. Their toll-free hotline is 1-800-772-9100.

• National Network of Abortion Funds: If you need assistance with payment or transportation to your clinic, visit their website to search for organizations that provide help in your state or nationwide.

Always ensure you have the most current information and support when navigating your options.

Abortion pills are safe and commonly used, with hundreds of individuals using them at home every day. While the process can be painful, it usually resolves within several hours. Here are five key steps to prepare for using abortion pills at home:

1. Read the Instructions Before You Start

Make sure to carefully read the instructions you receive via email. Knowing how long you have been pregnant is crucial for following the correct guidelines. If you have any questions or need assistance with the instructions, don’t hesitate to reach out for help.

2. Understand What to Expect

• Mifepristone (First Pill): Usually does not cause significant side effects; some may experience light bleeding or nausea.

• Misoprostol (Second Pill): After taking this medication, expect to experience bleeding and cramps that typically begin within a few hours but can start later. Other potential side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and fever.

Bleeding will likely be heavier than a normal period. Heaviest bleeding usually occurs 2-6 hours after taking Misoprostol, after which it should start to slow down. Depending on how far along you are, you may see pregnancy tissue—before 8 weeks, you might only notice blood and clots. At around 9 weeks, you may observe a small embryo, and after 12 weeks, the pregnancy may be more developed.

3. Decide When and Where You Will Use the Pills

Plan to have at least 24 hours to yourself after taking Misoprostol. If that’s not feasible, try to set aside at least 12 hours. Choose a comfortable space where you can lie down or move as needed, with easy access to a bathroom. Creating a cozy environment, such as listening to your favorite music or watching a comforting TV show, can make a difference.

4. Have the Supplies and Comfort Items You Need

• Use maxi pads to manage bleeding. Some individuals prefer adult diapers for extra absorption, while others find comfort sitting on the toilet.

• Stock up on light snacks and easy-to-digest meals. Keeping hydrated with water or herbal tea is also important.

• For pain relief, over-the-counter medications and heating pads can be very helpful with cramps.

If you cannot afford these supplies, consider contacting an abortion fund in your area for help with a care kit.

5. Have Someone to Support You

It’s advisable to have a trusted person with you when you take Misoprostol. While serious complications are rare, having support available can be reassuring. If in-person support isn’t possible, arrange for someone to check in with you via phone or text. Alternatively, consider reaching out to abortion doulas at Reprocare for emotional support.

This guide is designed to help you prepare as comfortably and safely as possible for your abortion experience at home.

Resources for Young People

• LoveIsRespect.Org: Hotline for healthy relationships, dating abuse, and partner violence (call 1-866-331-9474).

• Judicial Bypass Wiki: Information about your legal rights in all 50 states.

• National Runaway Safeline: 1-800-RUNAWAY (786-2929).

Emotional Support and Accompaniment Resources

• All-Options: Offers free peer counseling for all reproductive experiences, including abortion, miscarriage, and birth (call 888-493-0092).

• Reprocare: Provides free doula support for individuals having abortions at home (call or text 833-226-7821).

• Exhale Pro-Voice: Offers free emotional support after an abortion (text 617-749-2948).

• Miscarriage and Abortion Hotline: Anonymous 24/7 support and medical information for those having an abortion at home (call or text 833-246-2632).

Domestic and Sexual Violence Resources

• National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-HOPE (4673).

• National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233).

• StrongHearts Native Helpline: 1-844-7NATIVE (762-8483).

• National Human Trafficking Hotline: 1-888-373-7888 (SMS: Text HELP to 233733).

• National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 1-800-273-8255.

The shelf life of abortion medications, such as Mifepristone and Misoprostol, is at least two years, provided the blister pack is kept sealed and protected from heat, light, and moisture. These medications are often safe and effective for years beyond their original expiration date when stored properly.

To determine how far along you are in your pregnancy, an ultrasound can provide precise information. Additionally, you can use a pregnancy calculator for a reasonable estimate.

If you are sexually active and have missed a period, you might be pregnant. Common symptoms of early pregnancy can include nausea, breast soreness, and fatigue. A pregnancy test or ultrasound is necessary to confirm a pregnancy.

When Can I Test for Pregnancy?

You can take a home pregnancy test from the first day you miss your expected period. Testing before this date may yield a negative result, even if you are pregnant, as hormone levels may be too low to detect.

How to Calculate How Long You Have Been Pregnant

1. If an ultrasound is performed, your doctor will tell you the exact duration of your pregnancy.

2. If an ultrasound isn’t available, your doctor can estimate how far along you are.

3. A pregnancy test alone cannot provide this information.

4. You can calculate the length of your pregnancy by identifying the first day of your last menstrual period, including that day, and counting up to today.

If you take Misoprostol when not pregnant, it won’t harm your health, but you may experience common side effects for up to 24 hours.

Side Effects of Misoprostol When Not Pregnant:

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Low fever

Misoprostol is also used in non-pregnant individuals to prevent and treat ulcers. Similarly, Mifepristone has no harmful effects on non-pregnant individuals.

If you are Rh-negative and more than 12 weeks pregnant, you may need an Rh-negative antiglobulin injection after using abortion pills.

Do I Need an Injection with Anti D Globulin?

Yes, if you are Rh-negative and experience bleeding after using abortion pills, it is advised to get the injection within 72 hours.

For early abortions (under 12 weeks), minimal blood exchange has been observed, and the need for an injection is less critical.

Research indicates that the risk of sensitization from fetal blood exposure during early abortions is extremely low. Recent findings suggest that routine administration of Rh immunoglobulin is unnecessary for abortions before 12 weeks. International guidelines, including from WHO, support this view.

Having an allergic reaction to abortion pills, particularly Misoprostol, is extremely rare. When reactions do occur, they are generally mild.

How Common Are Allergic Reactions to Misoprostol?

Allergic reactions are very uncommon, with an incidence rate of approximately 0.008%. Most reactions present as mild hives.

If you suspect an allergy, consult a healthcare professional before taking these medications.

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg grows outside the womb, most commonly in a fallopian tube. This condition can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Signs of an Ectopic Pregnancy:

• Severe abdominal or back pain (usually on one side)

• Feeling faint or fainting

• Shoulder pain

• Absence of bleeding after taking Misoprostol

• Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect an ectopic pregnancy.

It is recommended to use abortion pills in the presence of someone you trust who can assist you in getting medical help if complications arise.

Being within an hour of help is essential in case of severe complications, such as excessive bleeding. Most urban or rural areas with internet access typically have a nearby first aid center.

You can safely use painkillers such as Ibuprofen (Motrin) and Acetaminophen (Tylenol) with Misoprostol. Avoid muscle relaxers, as they may interfere with uterine contractions.

Yes, you can eat and drink as usual after taking Misoprostol. Avoid alcohol as it may impair judgment.

While Misoprostol should be taken 24 hours after Mifepristone, it can be used between 12 and 72 hours after taking Mifepristone without reducing effectiveness.

No. Claims that a medical abortion can be reversed are not supported by reliable medical studies and are rejected by organizations such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).

Yes. Both Mifepristone and Misoprostol are safe during breastfeeding. Minimal traces may pass into breast milk but are unlikely to harm the baby.

Bleeding typically begins within hours of taking Misoprostol and may last 1-3 weeks. Heavy bleeding occurs within the first 24 hours and gradually subsides.

If you do not bleed within 4 hours of taking Misoprostol, you may take an additional 2 tablets every 3 hours up to 3 doses. If no bleeding occurs, consult a healthcare provider for an ultrasound.

Blood and tissue can be disposed of by flushing it down the toilet or wrapping sanitary pads in plastic bags for safe disposal.

Common side effects include cramping, bleeding, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and fever. Severe side effects are rare but require medical attention.

Signs the Abortion Pill Worked:

• Symptoms of pregnancy, such as nausea and breast tenderness, subside.

• Bleeding and passing of pregnancy tissue.

Follow-Up:

• Ultrasound: Recommended 10 days after using Mifepristone to confirm success.

• Home Pregnancy Test: Use 3 weeks after the abortion to avoid false positives due to lingering hormones.

If the pregnancy test is positive after 3 weeks, seek medical evaluation to rule out an incomplete abortion or ectopic pregnancy.

If performed in the first 13 weeks, a medical abortion carries a very small risk of complications. This risk is similar to when a woman has a miscarriage.

Possible Abortion Pill Complications and Treatments:

1. Heavy Bleeding (occurs in less than 1% of medical abortions):

   • Symptom: Bleeding that lasts more than 2 hours and soaks more than 2 maxi pads per hour. Feeling dizzy or light-headed may indicate excessive blood loss.

   • Treatment: A vacuum aspiration (curettage) may be needed. When available, take 2 Misoprostol tablets under the tongue immediately before heading to a hospital. Rarely, a blood transfusion may be required (less than 0.2%).

2. Incomplete Abortion:

   • Symptoms: Heavy or persistent bleeding and/or persistent severe pain.

   • Treatment: 2 tablets of Misoprostol or vacuum aspiration (curettage).

3. Infection:

   • Symptom: Fever above 100.4°F lasting more than 24 hours, or fever above 102.2°F.

   • Treatment: Antibiotics and/or vacuum aspiration.

4. Ongoing Pregnancy (less than 1% of cases):

   • Symptom: Persistent symptoms of pregnancy or positive pregnancy test after 3 weeks.

   • Treatment: Repeat a medical or surgical abortion.

Infections following the use of abortion pills are very rare. If you experience these signs of infection after abortion, you should seek medical attention.

How to Know If You Have an Infection After Abortion

Infections following the use of abortion pills are very rare. However, if you think you have an infection, then you should seek medical attention.

You may have an infection after abortion if you experience these signs:

• Weakness

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Diarrhea

• Fever of 100.4°F that lasts more than 24 hours or is higher than 102.2°F

• Pain in your belly

• If your belly feels sore or tender

• If you bleed a lot or for a long time

• If you have vaginal discharge that smells bad

If you think you might have an infection after abortion, then you should go to a doctor immediately because the infection should be treated with antibiotics.

Fever After Abortion Pills

A fever that starts soon after Misoprostol administration and lasts less than 24 hours and is less than 100.4°F is a common side effect. If the fever lasts longer than 24 hours or is greater than 100.4°F, you should seek medical attention.

You must go to a hospital or a doctor to have an ultrasound and to get treated if you have any of these signs of incomplete abortion after Misoprostol.

The Symptoms of Incomplete Abortion With Misoprostol

You must go to a hospital or a doctor to have an ultrasound and to get treated if you have any of the following symptoms of incomplete abortion after Misoprostol. This is absolutely necessary because the tissue and blood that remains in the body can cause heavy bleeding or an infection.

Symptoms:

• Prolonged bleeding

• Too much bleeding (much more than a regular menstrual period)

• Pain in your belly that does not go away after a few days of taking the Misoprostol

• Pain that is unbearable

• Fever

• Continued bleeding after three weeks

• Pain when pushing on your belly

How Do You Know If You Have an Incomplete Abortion?

If you have an incomplete abortion, it means your abortion has only been partially successful. The pregnancy has ended, so no fetus will develop, but your body has only expelled part of the tissues and other products of pregnancy.

w to Treat an Incomplete Abortion

The treatment for incomplete abortion is called a vacuum aspiration, or “curettage.” Any clinic that can deal with complications of miscarriage can also help women with incomplete abortions because the symptoms are the same. Sometimes treatment with 2 extra tablets of Misoprostol might be enough.

The treatment of an incomplete abortion is legal everywhere.

It is extremely important to treat an incomplete abortion.

It is not necessary to tell the medical staff that you tried to induce an abortion; you can say that you had a spontaneous miscarriage. There are no tests that can show that a woman has done a medical abortion.

Vacuum aspiration is a surgical intervention to remove the contents of the uterus. It can be necessary after abortion pills if there are complications.

What Is a Curettage/Vacuum Aspiration?

Vacuum aspiration or curettage, also known as dilation and curettage (D&C), is a surgical intervention to remove the contents of the uterus. Sometimes this treatment is necessary if there are complications after medical abortion or spontaneous miscarriage.

Is Vacuum Aspiration Necessary After Medical Abortion?

You do not need a vacuum aspiration if the ultrasound shows that there are still some small remains in the uterus (incomplete abortion) or if you experience some bleeding after 3 weeks and do not have any complaints like pain, fever, or heavy bleeding.

• Alternative Treatments:

  • Small remains in the uterus can be treated with an extra dose of Misoprostol (2 tablets).

  • You can also wait until your next menstruation. The uterus will most likely empty itself. Regular menstruation typically returns 4 to 6 weeks after a medical abortion.

• When Vacuum Aspiration Is Needed:

  • If you experience complaints like fever, persistent pain, or heavy bleeding, surgical intervention called vacuum aspiration is required.

Important Notes:

• Some doctors only perform a procedure called D&C or sharp curettage. This should not be done!

  • Ask your doctor what procedure they will use. Vacuum aspiration is safer and less painful than sharp curettage or D&C.

• All procedures should be done under local or general anesthesia.

Citations:
[1] “Frequently Asked Clinical Questions About Medical Abortion,” WHO; Pauleta JR, Clode N, Graça LM, Expectant Management of Incomplete Abortion in the First Trimester, Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2009 Mar 28.

If you show signs of pregnancy after using abortion pills, you may have a continuing pregnancy. Bleeding does not mean that you have had a successful abortion.

What Is a Continuing Pregnancy?

A continuing pregnancy is a pregnancy that continues to develop even after the use of Mifepristone and Misoprostol abortion pills. In the case of a continuing pregnancy, the abortion has failed, and the woman remains pregnant.

How Do You Know If You Have a Continuing Pregnancy?

You may have a continuing pregnancy if you still have symptoms of pregnancy, such as sore breasts or nausea, after taking abortion pills. Even if you bleed, you can still have a continuing pregnancy because bleeding does not mean that you have had a successful abortion.

What Should You Do If You Show Signs of Pregnancy After Abortion?

You should have an ultrasound within a week or do a pregnancy test 3 weeks later to confirm that the pregnancy has ended. Most pregnancy tests that are done 3 weeks after the abortion are reliable.

• Note: It is necessary to wait 3 weeks after the abortion because the pregnancy hormones can remain in the body and can make the pregnancy test falsely positive.

What Are the Risks of a Continuing Pregnancy After Abortion Pills?

Although the risk is very low and only slightly higher than that of a normal pregnancy, Misoprostol can increase the risk of fetal malformations.

What Can You Do If You Have a Continuing Pregnancy?

If you have a continuing pregnancy after abortion pills, you can:

1. Try to do a medical abortion again.

2. Have a surgical abortion.

Citations:
[1] “Continuation of Pregnancy After First-Trimester Exposure to Mifepristone: An Observational Prospective Study,” Bernard N, Elefant E, Carlier P, Tebacher M, et al. BJOG 2013;120:568–575.

If you have a failed abortion after using Misoprostol, the risk of having a baby with fetal malformations is increased by less than 1 in 1,000.

What Are the Chances That the Fetus Will Be Malformed If You Have an Ongoing Pregnancy?

If you have an ongoing pregnancy after using Misoprostol, the risk of having a baby with fetal malformations is increased. However, this risk is very small, less than 1 in 1,000.

• This risk is smaller than the normal risk of having a baby with Down Syndrome.

• This very small risk does not exist when a woman has taken Misoprostol after the 12th week of her pregnancy.

Research About Failed Medical Abortions

Research suggests that a fetus that has been exposed to Mifepristone alone and is not aborted will continue to develop normally.

• Exposure to Misoprostol:

  • May lead to malformations, such as defects in the skull and abnormalities in the limbs (called Mobius Syndrome).

  • The risk of malformations is still very small and hardly measurable.

Comparative Risks

To compare:

• The risk of having a child with Down Syndrome is:

  • 1/1,300 for a 25-year-old woman.

  • 1/365 for a 35-year-old woman.

• Only women older than 35 are screened for Down Syndrome, indicating that risks lower than 1 in 365 are considered acceptable.

If you do not have symptoms of a complication (heavy bleeding, severe pain, fever, etc.), it is not necessary to have an ultrasound after abortion pills.

Having an Ultrasound After an Abortion

By having an ultrasound, you can determine whether the pregnancy has ended even a few days after the abortion, especially if you are unsure whether the abortion was successful.

Home Pregnancy Test After Taking Mifepristone

You can also have a home urine pregnancy test about 3-4 weeks after taking the medicines. If you take the home urine pregnancy test before waiting 3 weeks, it can show a false result that a woman is pregnant because there are still pregnancy hormones in her body.

How Do You Know If the Abortion Pill Worked?

Medical abortion, like miscarriage, is a process that takes place over time, and the body might take several weeks to fully expel all the tissues and products in the uterus. This is normal.

If you want, you can have an ultrasound about 10 days after taking the medicine to confirm as soon as possible that the pregnancy has ended.

Recovery Timeline and Process

Even if the pregnancy has ended, many women will still have tissues and blood inside the uterus for several weeks.

• If you do not have any symptoms of complications (e.g., strong pain, continuous fever, very strong bleeding, or foul-smelling vaginal discharge), surgical intervention is not necessary.

• If needed, take 2 tablets of Misoprostol under the tongue.

Most people do not need psychological counseling after an abortion with pills, but in the US, there are some really great free counseling and support services.

Do You Require Psychological Counseling After You Have Had an Abortion?

Most women do not need any psychological help after an abortion.

• Emotional responses vary:

  • Most women report relief after making the best decision for their circumstances.

  • Some women experience sadness, guilt, rage, shame, or regret.

Understanding your emotional pain can help you process feelings and let go of grief, guilt, rage, or shame.

Free Abortion Counseling and Support Services in the US

• Exhale: https://exhaleprovoice.org/

• Connect and Breathe: http://www.connectandbreathe.org/about.html

• All Options: https://www.all-options.org/find-support/talkline/

• Planned Parenthood Counseling Line: 1(800)-230-7526

Abortion does not increase the chance of developing breast cancer according to the World Health Organization’s research conclusions.

Does Medical Abortion Increase the Risk of Breast Cancer?

No, having an induced medical abortion does not increase a woman’s chance of developing breast cancer. The World Health Organization has stated that “sound epidemiological data show no increased risk of breast cancer for women following spontaneous or induced abortion.”

Citations:
[1] Safe Abortion: Technical and Policy Guidance for Health Systems. The World Health Organization. Second Edition. 2012.

Abortion pills do not affect your ability to conceive in the future. If you do not want to become pregnant, start using contraceptives again immediately.

Will You Be Able to Get Pregnant and Have Children After a Medical Abortion?

A medical abortion does not affect your ability to conceive or bear a child in the future.

• If you do not want to become pregnant at this time, it is important to start using contraceptives as soon as you start having sexual relations again.

• The risks are the same as after a spontaneous miscarriage.

Citations:
[1] Winer N, Resche-Rigon M, Morin C, Ville Y, Rozenberg P. Is Induced Abortion With Misoprostol a Risk Factor for Late Abortion or Preterm Delivery in Subsequent Pregnancies? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009 May 6.
Chen, Aimin, Wei Yuan, Olav Meirik, Xianmi Wang, Shi-Zong Wu, Lifeng Zhou, Lin Lou, Ersheng Gao, and Yimin Cheng. (2004) Mifepristone-Induced Early Abortion and Outcome of Subsequent Wanted Pregnancy. American Journal of Epidemiology (160)2: 110-117.

It is recommended that you wait 4-7 days to have sex after an abortion pill because there is a greater risk of infection immediately after taking Misoprostol.

When Can You Start to Have Sex Again After an Abortion Pill?

Right after the abortion, the cervix might be slightly open, so there is a greater risk of infection if you have sexual relations during this time.

• Recommendation: To prevent infection, it is best to wait 4-7 days to have sex again after taking an abortion pill.

Bleeding During Sex After Abortion Pills

It is normal to have irregular or light bleeding for up to two weeks after using abortion pills (sometimes even longer).

• You can have sexual relations even if you are still bleeding.

• However, if you do not wish to become pregnant, it is important to use contraception every time you have sexual relations.

Can You Get Pregnant Right After an Abortion?

Although it may be several weeks after your abortion before you get your menstruation again, you could ovulate in the first week or two after your abortion, which means you could get pregnant right away after an abortion.

• Recommendation: If you do not want to become pregnant right away, it is very important to start using contraceptives immediately.

You can get pregnant right away after having an abortion. You can ovulate at any time after an abortion pill, even if you are still having some light bleeding.

When Can You Get Pregnant Again After Having a Medical Abortion?

Although your menstruation may not come for several weeks after your abortion, you can ovulate (be fertile) at any time after the abortion.

• This means you can get pregnant right away, even if you are still having some light bleeding.

Using Contraceptives and Birth Control Pills After Abortion

• If you want to avoid becoming pregnant right away, it is very important to start using contraceptives immediately.

• You can use condoms and other birth control methods right away.

• An IUD can be inserted as soon as 4-14 days after you take the Misoprostol, even if there is still light bleeding. You can also wait to insert an IUD until your next regular period, but you will need to use another contraceptive method in the meantime if you do not want to risk becoming pregnant.

• You can start hormonal contraceptive methods (pills, patch, ring, injection, implant) 1 to 3 days after using the Misoprostol.

Note: If you start birth control pills more than 3 days after using the Misoprostol, it is recommended that you use a barrier method (condoms) during the first 9 days, until the pills reach their full level of protection.

What If the Medical Abortion Failed and You Are Still Pregnant?

If the medical abortion did not work and you are still pregnant, the hormones used in the birth control pills, patch, implant, ring, and injection are not dangerous to a developing fetus.

• Recommendation: Nevertheless, we recommend an ultrasound to confirm whether the abortion was successful or not.

If you are sexually active and do not want to get pregnant, always use contraception. Some contraceptives are more effective, but none are 100% effective.

How to Prevent Pregnancy

About 85% of sexually active women who do not use contraceptives become pregnant within a year.

• A woman can become pregnant:

  • While breastfeeding.

  • From about 10 days after childbirth if not breastfeeding.

  • Even during her menstruation.

• Note: Withdrawal of the penis prior to ejaculation and periodic abstinence are not very effective methods of contraception and do not stop the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or HIV.

Effective Methods to Prevent Pregnancy

• Total Abstinence: This is the only 100% effective way of avoiding pregnancy.

• Use of Contraceptives: Different methods offer varying levels of effectiveness.

Chart of the Rates of Effectiveness of Different Contraceptives

For more details, refer to the chart: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/unintendedpregnancy/pdf/family-planning-methods-2014.pdf